Princeton Applied Research

Princeton Applied Research VersaSCAN: A Scanning Electrochemical Workstation

The surface of an electrode is rarely, if ever, a homogenous surface. It is often incorrectly assumed to be in order to simplify data interpretation and mathematical modeling. However, a corroding metal will certainly have areas of both anodic and cathodic nature, and a sensor will have areas of varying surface conductivity. In a traditional bulk electrochemical measurement, the current from the entire working electrode is recorded. This gives an integrated response. It is then impossible to distinguish if the sample has a uniform response distributed evenly about its surface; or a small number of sites of much greater intensity. 

The VersaSCAN consists of an advanced three-dimensional closed-loop (100-nm resolution) positioning system mounted onto an optical base. Depending on the ancillary equipment mounted onto or connected to this positioning system, the VersaSCAN can provide a breadth of information. As different as each of the techniques is, they have the common goal of providing localized information relative to the sample under investigation.

Princeton Applied Research: PARSTAT MC Multichannel Potentiostat

The Princeton AppliedResearchPARSTAT® MC (PMC)® MC (PMC) is the most modular and robust multi-channel electrochemical testing platform on the market.
The PMC chassis provides a robust environment up to 10 modules, up to 20 channels.  

Channels can operate simultaneously for high-throughput routine testing, asynchronously for different experiments on distinct cells or in a complex matrix of multiple electrodes in a single test environment. Additional channels can be added on-site by the user, even while other channels are in operation. Every functional block within the chassis is designed to be user-replaceable minimizing the impact of any interruptions in your experiment.

Princeton Applied Research: VersaSTAT 3F Potentiostat Galvanostat

The Princeton Applied Research VersaSTAT 3F shares similar specifications to the VersaSTAT 3 (10µs data acquisition) and the VersaSTAT 4 (4nA lower current range, enhanced filtering options) the VersaSTAT 3F was designed specifically to operate with other potentiostats or earth-grounded cells.

Princeton Applied Research: VersaSTAT 4 Potentiostat Galvanostat

The Princeton Applied Research VersaSTAT 4 builds upon the already impressive design of the VersaSTAT 3 giving you even more improved speed and low-current measurement required for a range of electrochemical applications.

Princeton Applied Research: VersaSTAT 3 Potentiostat Galvanostat

The Princeton Applied ResearchVersa STAT 3 is an optioned-based platform that provides both standard core functionality and the ability to expand the range of measurements.
This versatile potentiostat / galvanostat addresses many different applications including Corrosion, Energy Storage, Sensors, Nanotechnology, and Physical Electrochemistry. 

Princeton Applied Research PARSTAT 3000 Potentiostat | Galvanostat

The Princeton Applied Research PARSTAT® 3000 is a high-performance potentiostat engineered into a small foot-print for space conscious laboratory and/or application environments. The additional voltage measurement (6-WIRE) makes this instrument well suited for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) on batteries as two impedance values can be simultaneously acquired. Users can assign impedance values to anode and cathode; across separators; or to individual cells in a stack.  Physical electrochemistry applications also benefit from using this input to capture pH measurements, temperature, or pressure by means of an external probe.

Princeton Applied Research VersaSCAN Electrochemical Scanning System

Shown above: VersaSCAN SECM Scanning ElectroChemical Microscopy

The VersaSCAN from Princeton Applied Research is a single platform capable of providing spatial resolution to both electrochemical and materials-based measurements.  Each VersaSCAN is based on a common high-resolution, long-travel, closed-loop positioning system mounted to a vibration-resistant optical base.  Different auxiliary pieces are mounted to the positioning system.  These ancillary pieces (e.g., an electrometer, piezo vibration unit, or a laser sensor) provide functionality to the positioning system for different scanning probe experiments.  VersaSTAT potentiostats and Signal Recovery Lock-in Amplifiers are integrated via ethernet control to make accurate measurements of these small signals.